Horizon, Surface & Fault | group18

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HORIZON PICKING

The figure below shows the horizon picked in 3D view which have been converted into the surface map and the horizon picked in 2D. The horizons were picked on xline plane. 5 horizons were picked which represent different facies. We view the plane on interpretation window when pick the horizon because we can see the amplitude more clearly. Horizon picking was done by using seeded auto-tracking and manual horizon pick to connect the discontinuous amplitude. The top horizon is the first horizon which is more flat and it does really affected by the anticline and gas seepage. As going deeper, we can see that horizon 2 to 5 becomes steeper to the center which is the area where gas seepage happened. Hence, gas seepage is the area where there is high amplitude. From the 3D window, the color represent the high of the area which is shown by the color legend at the top left corner of 3D window.

ISOCHRON MAPS

Isochron map between surface map 1 and surface map 2:

The figure shows the isochron map that define contour map of equal values of seismic travel time between selected events. The figure determines the thickness between seismic horizon 1 and seismic horizon 2 with various colours of legend on the left side in 3D window and 2D window. 3D window on the top right side indicate horizon 1 while the below indicate horizon 2. To make it more clearer, we proceed into 2D window on the left side. The colour light blue to purple that colour bar range of 600.00 until above 750.00 determine the maximum vertical thickness while minimum vertical thickness that colour bar range of below 400.00 until 480.00 located at the middle with colour orange to yellow. For this figure we use the scale of 1.9 cm : 2500 m or the ratio is 1 : 83453 . This figure indicates the seismic analog of isochore maps, can generate elevation structure maps and possible hydrocarbon accumulations.

Isochron map between surface map 2 and surface map 3

The figure shows the isochron map in 3D window on the right side and 2D window on the left side with the various colours of legend. We can interpret the thickness between horizon 2 and horizon 3 in 2D window that showing us the presence of purple in colour at the below of figure that colour range bar of 700.00 indicate maximum value thickness. The colour of orange to green that has colour bar range of below 300.00 until 450.00 indicate the minimum vertical thickness that can used in well penetrations through a shallow horizon for controlling depth on a deeper horizon below. It is possible of hydrocarbon accumulations. At the top on the right side we can interpret the colour of light blue with colour range bar of 500.00 until 600.00 separated from light blue colour at the bottom. For this figure we use the scale of 2.4 cm : 2500 m or the ratio is 1 : 83453 .

Isochron map between surface map 3 and surface map 4

The figure shows the thickness between seismic horizon 3 and seismic horizon 4 with various colours of legend on the left side in 3D window and 2D window. We identify that isochron map in 3D window on the right side and 2D window on the left side. For the interpretation, we can observe that on 2D window, we can seen clearly the maximum vertical thickness at the left side of the middle which presence purple in colour of 1300.00 until 1350.00 while at the bottom we can see the orange to yellow colour of 800.00 until 950.00 and we observe that the top we have blue and green colour that approximately the colour range bar of 1000.00 until 1250.00 . For this figure we use the scale of 3.8 cm : 5000 m or the ratio is 1 : 96334 . This isochron map can make a detailed use of available wireline log data that are using to delineate the reservoirs units in the well either good or not and the possible of hydrocarbon accumulations.

Isochron map between surface map 4 and surface map 5

This figure shows the isochron map in 3D window on the right side and 2D window on the left side with the various colours of legend. The thickness between horizon 4 and horizon 5 was determined by the colour of the contour. We can interpret that the maximum vertical thickness were shown at the top on right side with blue to purple in colour range bar of 950.00 until above 1000.00 while vertical thickness at the top on left side is moderate thickness with the light blue colour of 750.00 until 900.00 with little colour of purple and yellow. At bottom level on left side we can interpret the minimum vertical thickness with the range bar of 450.00 to 650.00 in the yellow and green colour. For this figure we use the scale of 3.9 cm : 5000 m or the ratio is 1 : 96334 .This trends can using in identify reservoir correlation and we can determine the geometric properties such as porosity and permeability of the reservoir rocks.

FAULT PICKING

The fault was manually picked at XLine. Then, by using 3D auto-track, the fault selected was connected automatically forming the fault structure as above. 18 faults had been made to form fault line. After the faults were picked, we open all the horizons that we had made to see how deep the fault had penetrated the subsurface.

Then we made fault plane at the fault line to see the structure of the fault. Figure above shows that the faults had cut through horizon 1, 2 and a little bit on horizon 3.

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